The Great Wildebeest Migration is a breathtaking natural phenomenon and one of nature’s most extraordinary spectacles, attracting wildlife enthusiasts, photographers, and adventure seekers from around the globe.
This annual migration is not only a testament to the resilience and instinctual drive of millions of animals but also a critical ecological event that supports the biodiversity of the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem. However, you may not know what this great migration entails or why it is a common attraction in Africa. This article has the information you need.
We have provided the fascinating details of the Great Wildebeest Migration and the best times and places to witness this spectacle, ensuring you can plan your visit for maximum impact. So read to the end and enjoy.
What is the Great Wildebeest Migration
The Great Wildebeest Migration is an awe-inspiring natural event where over 1.5 million wildebeest, accompanied by approximately 200,000 zebras and 500,000 gazelles, travel in a continuous cycle through the plains of East Africa. Together, these species create one of the most spectacular displays of wildlife on the planet, attracting numerous predators such as lions, hyenas, and crocodiles, making the migration a dynamic and dramatic event.
The search for fresh grazing and water drives the 800 – 1000 KM trek annually. The route of the Great Wildebeest Migration is a continuous loop that takes place across Tanzania’s Serengeti National Park and extends into Kenya’s Maasai Mara. Also, this annual migration is determined by the seasons of rainfall.
The Great Migration Cycle
When planning your Serengeti safari, witnessing the Great Migration is likely high on your list. But how can you ensure you’ll be there at the right time? The truth is, you can’t. The timing of the migration is influenced by various factors, primarily rainfall, making it unpredictable. Below, we’ve outlined the typical pattern of the Great Migration, but remember, nature doesn’t follow a strict schedule.
The annual migration of around two million animals—mostly wildebeest, but also large numbers of zebras, Thomson’s gazelles, Grant’s gazelles, and elands—is the greatest wildlife spectacle of its kind in Africa and possibly the world. Though it varies slightly each year, the migration follows a generally predictable cycle influenced by local rain patterns. Here’s an overview of the Great Migration’s annual cycle:
December-April
During these months, the main calving grounds are in the southeastern Serengeti, stretching to the Ndutu area near Ngorongoro. Short rains in November and December attract the herds to this region, where they remain until the long rains end around late April or early May. February is the peak calving season, making it an ideal time to visit. The abundance of newborns also draws many predators, creating spectacular wildlife viewing opportunities. By March or April, the herds begin moving in search of greener pastures. While seeing the migration in progress can be tricky during this period, you’re likely to encounter large herds.
May-July
After grazing on the lush grasses of the southeastern Serengeti and giving birth, the wildebeest start their long trek northward, which can begin anytime from late April to early June. This period offers a chance to witness one of nature’s greatest spectacles: vast columns of animals, sometimes stretching up to 40 kilometers, moving en masse. The herds head towards the Western Corridor and face their first major challenge, crossing the Grumeti River, where crocodiles await. The herds may linger on the river’s southern bank for up to two weeks before making the dangerous crossing.
August-September
After overcoming the Grumeti River, the herds move north to face the next big hurdle, the Mara River, typically around July or August. This crossing is iconic and often featured in photographs of the migration. Postcrossing, the herds disperse into the Maasai Mara in Kenya. Although many animals leave the Serengeti, about half remain in the Mara-Serengeti area, making it a good time to stay at camps in this region. Smaller groups of wildebeest frequently cross the Mara River back and forth during this period, offering continued viewing opportunities.
October-November
By October, the herds cross the Mara River again, heading back south. They traverse the northern plains and the lesser-visited Lobo area. This quieter period can be a great time to see the migration with fewer crowds. By late November, the herds will have returned to the Ndutu area and will be ready to start the cycle anew.
Note
The timings outlined above are general guidelines, and nature can be unpredictable. For example, unexpected rains can cause the herds to change direction abruptly.
When to Visit?
Deciding when to visit the Serengeti depends on what you want to experience. While the Great Migration is a highlight, the Serengeti offers incredible wildlife viewing year-round. Here are some of the good times to visit and what you will likely see:
December to April: Calving Season
What to see: During this period, the wildebeest congregate in the southeastern Serengeti, particularly around the Ndutu area near Ngorongoro. The short rains in November and December attract the herds to this region. February is the peak calving season, with thousands of calves being born daily. This attracts a plethora of predators, offering dramatic wildlife viewing opportunities.
May to July: The Journey North
What to See: As the wildebeest begin their northward trek, they move from the southeastern plains to the Western Corridor. This period is marked by the preparation for the long journey, with herds gathering in large numbers. The lush green landscape of the Serengeti during this time provides a beautiful backdrop for the migration.
June to July: Grumeti River Crossings
What to See: One of the first significant obstacles the herds face is the Grumeti River. The crossing is dangerous, with large crocodiles awaiting their prey. This event is both thrilling and dramatic, offering a chance to see survival instincts in action.
July to September: Mara River Crossings
What to See: The Mara River crossing is perhaps the most iconic event of the migration. The wildebeest must navigate the treacherous waters, facing both strong currents and predators. This period provides some of the most spectacular and intense wildlife viewing experiences.
October to November: Southward Return
What to See: The herds begin their journey back to the southern Serengeti, crossing the Mara River once again. This period is less crowded with tourists, offering a more tranquil viewing experience as the wildebeest moves through the northern plains and the Lobo area.
Embark on the Adventure of a Lifetime: Experience the Great Wildebeest Migration!
Following the Great Wildebeest Migration is an unforgettable adventure that offers unparalleled wildlife viewing experiences. Whether you’re witnessing the birth of thousands of calves, the dramatic predator-prey interactions, or the sheer spectacle of millions of animals on the move, the Great Migration is a testament to the wonders of the natural world. Don’t miss the chance to experience one of the greatest wildlife spectacles on Earth. Plan your Serengeti safari today and immerse yourself in the breathtaking beauty and raw power of the Great Wildebeest Migration.
