Tanzania is home to diverse environments, from the well-known Serengeti plains to the lush Eastern Arc Mountains rainforests. A fantastic diversity of life thrives in these different environments. The country is home to an impressive range of mammalian species, reptiles, and an incredible variety of birdlife.
With over 1,100 bird species recorded, including natives and migratory visitors, Tanzania beckons to both novice and seasoned birdwatchers. This guide invites you to explore Tanzania’s hidden gem – its rich avian diversity through the enchanting world of birdwatching.
Bird Migration Patterns in the Region
Tanzania’s strategic location makes it a crossroads for migratory birds traveling between Europe, Asia, and other parts of Africa. The skies come alive twice a year with the mesmerizing spectacle of bird migrations. From the iconic wildebeest migration on the ground to the aerial ballet of millions of birds, Tanzania witnesses this awe-inspiring phenomenon, and you can too.
Understanding the timing and routes of these migrations provides birdwatchers with unique opportunities to see the convergence of various species, adding an extra layer of excitement to the birdwatching experience.
Seasonal Birdwatching Highlights And Weather Considerations for Optimal Birdwatching Experiences
Dry Season (June to October):
The dry season in Tanzania is marked by clear skies and reduced vegetation, making birdwatching more accessible—ideal conditions for spotting raptors, water-associated birds, and species concentrated around watering holes. Clear visibility enhances photography opportunities. Days are warm, but temperatures can drop at night. Layered clothing is advisable.
Minimal rainfall during this period ensures dry and comfortable conditions for birdwatching.
Wet Season (November to May):
The wet season brings lush vegetation and increased insect activity. Migratory birds, attracted by abundant food sources, arrive during this period. Birdwatchers may encounter more species during this time. During the wet season, migratory species arrive in Tanzania from Europe and Asia.
You can see the European Bee-eater, the elusive African Pitta, and the striking Carmine Bee-eater nesting along riverbanks. Warm temperatures prevail, with increased humidity. Light, breathable clothing is recommended. Be prepared for occasional showers. Waterproof gear, including a rain jacket and cover for equipment, is advisable.
Early Mornings and Late Afternoons:
Birdwatching during the more excellent parts of the day provides ideal conditions for observation. Birds are often more active during these times, making it easier to observe their behaviors.
8 Birds You Must Not Miss on a Bird Safari
Tanzania has lots of avian species but here are 7 of them that will pique your curiosity:
The Martial Eagle
The martial eagle, the largest eagle in Africa, has enough strength to take a man off his feet. They traverse vast, well-defended areas ranging from 100 to 1,000 km squared. Open grasslands with a scattering of giant trees are typically home to this magnificent eagle. Moreover, it can be found in riparian forests, forested savannas, scrubby, and even desert regions. The tops of towering trees are where the martial eagle likes to sit, so if you are ever in its environment, take some time to look around and up.
Fischer's lovebird
The tiny Fischer’s lovebird is one of Tanzania’s smallest birds, at only 14 centimeters, but its vivid green and orange plumage makes it easy to identify. As their name implies, these parrots take their love life seriously: they are monogamous and stick with one spouse for the rest of their lives. They have also mastered the gender-neutral appearance, so you cannot determine if they are male or female just by glancing at their feathers.
Rufous Tailed Weaver
The chestnut-coloured feathers and dark spots on its 20 to 22 centimeters may not make the rufous-tailed weaver the most colorful of birds. But the fact that it’s a Tanzanian indigenous bird sets it apart. This means there are no other birds like it on Earth. In the Serengeti National Park, male birds often construct their nests between July and February.
The Tawny Eagle
The Tawny eagle can reach a maximum wingspan of 190 centimeters. The Afrikaans term for this eagle is “roofarend,” which translates to “robber eagle.” This carrion-eating bird from Tanzania is considered highly violent when it robs other birds of their food, a behavior known as kleptoparasitism.
Kipengere Seedeater
Commonly found in Kipengere Range in southwestern Tanzania, this seedeater is characterized by its unique plumage and restricted range. Birdwatchers seeking the thrill of observing this species must explore the montane grasslands and shrublands of its limited habitat.
Flamingo
As everyone knows, female birds may choose their partner based on extremely particular standards, such as the most creative dance or exquisite nest. Among these is the flamingo, which is common in Arusha National Park in Tanzania. The males gather in big groups during the mating season. They turn their heads, flap their wings, and sing in perfect unison. Following this performance, couples meet and decide to be together forever. If you are lucky to see this beautiful mating behavior, you will surely capture one of your most breathtaking and unique pictures of Tanzanian birds.
Red and Yellow Barbet
One of Tanzania’s cutest birds is the red-and-yellow barbet. Known for having stunning voices that can be heard above others, they also sing with a beautiful rhythm. They frequently sing for up to two minutes straight while other birds call. The red and yellow barbet has attractive features with its red head, yellow torso, and black wings with white markings. With so many unique attributes, it doesn’t matter if a red and yellow barbet’s wingspan is only about 10 centimeters!
Black Heron
Pitch-black and always alert, the black heron ranges from 42 to 66 centimeters. It moves into shallow water, bends its head, and then spreads its wings to create a fluffy canopy that traps fish.
Best Birdwatching Locations
Tanzania is teeming with different ecosystems, and each region offers unique birdwatching opportunities. Here are birdwatching spots to consider:
1. Serengeti National Park
The Serengeti National Park, renowned for its iconic wildebeest migration, is also a birdwatcher paradise. Some notable species include the Secretary Bird, Fischer’s Lovebird, and the Kori Bustard. The park’s multiple ecosystems, from acacia woodlands to riverine habitats, provide a wide range of birdlife habitats.
Birdwatching in the Serengeti is rewarding throughout the year, but specific periods offer unique experiences. The wet season (November to May) attracts migratory birds, while the dry season (June to October) concentrates wildlife around water sources, enhancing birdwatching opportunities. The early morning and late afternoon are optimal for observing resident and migratory species.
2. Ngorongoro Conservation Area
Ngorongoro Conservation Area, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, is characterized by its stunning crater and diverse landscapes. The alkaline Lake Magadi in the crater attracts flamingos, while the surrounding grasslands host the likes of the Rüppell’s Vulture and the Grey-crowned Crane. The variety of habitats, from grasslands to woodlands, make Ngorongoro a haven for birdwatchers.
When birdwatching in Ngorongoro, focus on the crater floor for water-associated birds and the surrounding slopes for raptors and terrestrial species. Local guides familiar with the area can provide valuable insights into bird behavior and locations.
3. Tarangire National Park
Tarangire National Park, famous for its massive elephant herds, is also a captivating destination for bird enthusiasts. The park experiences distinct seasonal variations, with the dry season (June to October) concentrating wildlife around the Tarangire River. This period is ideal for spotting birds such as the Yellow-collared Lovebird and the Lilac-breasted Roller.
You can look for bird species congregating around water sources, especially during the dry season. Silale Swamp and the Larmakau Swamp are additional hotspots offering excellent birdlife.
4. Arusha National Park
Arusha National Park, nestled at the base of Mount Meru, is a haven for birdwatchers. The Momella Lakes within the park attract a variety of waterbirds, including flamingos, herons, and ducks. The forested areas harbor species like the Hartlaub’s Turaco and the White-eared Barbet.
5. Lake Manyara National Park
Lake Manyara National Park, known for its tree-climbing lions, is also a hotspot for birdwatching. The alkaline lake hosts flocks of Lesser Flamingos, creating a mesmerizing pink hue. The park is home to over 400 bird species, including the Grey-headed Kingfisher and the African Fish Eagle.
The groundwater forest and the dense acacia woodlands provide an excellent opportunity to spot a variety of forest and open-country bird species.
6. Selous Game Reserve
Selous Game Reserve, one of the largest protected areas in Africa, is a haven for wildlife and bird enthusiasts. The Rufiji River, winding through the reserve, attracts waterbirds like the Goliath Heron and the African Skimmer. Boat safaris offer a unique perspective for birdwatching along the riverbanks.
The diverse habitats within Selous, including woodlands and savannahs, host different bird species. You get to see the Southern Ground Hornbill, the Lilian’s Lovebird, and the Pel’s Fishing Owl, making it a rewarding destination for birdwatchers seeking variety and abundance.
Benefits of Hiring a Local Bird Guide
Whether you’re a seasoned birdwatcher or a novice nature enthusiast, tours provide an educational experience amid the breathtaking landscapes that serve as a habitat for some popular birdlife. Here are some benefits of having a local bird guide at hand:
Expert Knowledge:
Local bird guides in Tanzania bring expertise about the country’s avian species, their behaviors, and preferred habitats. Their intimate knowledge allows them to enhance your bird watching experience by providing valuable insights and increasing the chances of spotting rare or elusive species.
Optimal Birding Locations:
Experienced local guides know the best birdwatching spots, including hidden gems that may not be well-known to the general public. They can take you to off-the-beaten-path locations, ensuring a more authentic birdwatching adventure.
Cultural Insights:
Beyond birdwatching, local guides often share cultural and historical knowledge about the regions you explore. This adds a layer of richness to your experience, fostering a deeper connection to the natural surroundings and the local communities.
Safety and Conservation Awareness:
Local guides prioritize safety and adhere to ethical birdwatching practices. Their commitment to environmental conservation ensures that your birdwatching activities have a minimal impact on the delicate ecosystems, contributing to the long-term preservation of Tanzania’s natural treasures.
Essential Birdwatching Gear To Carry on a Bird-Watching
Whether you’re a seasoned birder or a novice enthusiast, having the right equipment enhances your ability to observe and appreciate these avian wonders.
Investing in these essential birdwatching tools will prepare you to enjoy yourself in the captivating avian world. Here’s a checklist to ensure you’re well-equipped for your next birdwatching adventure:
Binoculars:
A pair of quality binoculars is essential for any birdwatching expedition. Choose models with a comfortable grip, adjustable focus, and a wide field of view for optimal bird observation.
Field Guide:
A comprehensive field guide specific to the region you’re exploring is essential for identifying different bird species. Choose one with clear illustrations, detailed descriptions, and information on habitats and behaviors.
Spotting Scope:
While not mandatory, a spotting scope can be great for observing birds at a distance. It provides higher magnification and is particularly useful for waterfowl and shorebird watching.
Notebook and Pen:
Keep a dedicated birdwatching journal to record your observations, noting species, behavior, location, and other pertinent details. This enhances your learning and serves as a personal birdwatching diary.
Camera and Binocular Harness:
You will need a compact digital camera or a smartphone with a decent camera to Capture memorable moments. A binocular harness ensures easy access to your binoculars and helps distribute their weight comfortably.
Comfortable Clothing:
Dress in layers appropriate for the weather conditions of your birdwatching location. Consider lightweight, moisture-wicking fabrics, a wide-brimmed hat, and sturdy, comfortable footwear for long walks.
Field Bag or Backpack:
A small, lightweight backpack or field bag is ideal for carrying essentials. Look for one with multiple compartments to organize your gear effectively.
Insect Repellent:
Depending on the season and location, insects can be a nuisance. Carry insect repellent to ensure a more comfortable birdwatching experience.
Water and Snacks:
Stay hydrated during your birdwatching excursions by carrying a water bottle. Pack some energy-boosting snacks to keep you fueled throughout the day.
Map and Compass:
While digital tools are helpful, carrying a physical map and compass as a backup is wise, especially if you’re exploring remote areas with unreliable connectivity.
Conclusion
Tanzania’s birdlife boasts over 1,100 species, including those endemic and migratory visitors, making every expedition a unique and rewarding experience.
The beauty of its birdlife awaits, ready to inspire, educate, and create memories that will forever be etched in the album of your birdwatching adventures. Tanzania invites you to become a part of its story – a story written in the language of feathers, sung by the birds that grace its skies and landscapes.
